Innovative probiotic PROVAG - food supplement
Immune Mechanisms
Vaginal ecosystem
In normal conditions, bacterial flora of the vagina is characterised by presence of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus genus) about 96% of bacterial microflora. The most commonly occurring in the vagina lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus catenaforme, Lactobacillus debrueckii, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus. Fig. No. 1 shows normal vaginal flora – numerous rods of Lactobacillus genus are visible.
Besides those above mentioned lactic acid bacteria, normal vaginal flora includes also other commensal bacteria Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Gardnerella, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma, Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Sarcina, Mobiluncus, Veillonella, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Listeria. which in adverse conditions significantly increase the number of their population leading to bacterial inflammation of the vagina.
Factors ensuring microbiological balance
Normal vaginal discharge is acidic as a result of action of lactic acid bacteria. Normal pH is 3,5 - 4,5.
„Profitable” commensal bacteria constitute over 90% (different values depending on method of examination) of normal vaginal flora of women in procreative age. Those commensal bacteria and their products (e.g. lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide) determine normal vaginal ecosystem, which is stimulated by estrogens action.
